计算机断层扫描
CT扫描使用X射线创建身体的详细横截面图像。它们特别适用于检测骨折、肿瘤和内出血。
什么是 CT？
CT（计算机断层扫描）是一种先进的成像技术，它结合从不同角度拍摄的多张X射线图像，创建骨骼、血管和软组织的详细横截面视图。与传统X射线不同，CT可以提供内部身体结构的3D可视化。
工作原理： 在CT扫描期间，您躺在一张滑过大型甜甜圈形扫描仪的台子上。X射线管围绕您的身体旋转，拍摄多张图像。计算机然后处理这些图像以创建横截面(切片)，可以单独查看或堆叠在一起进行3D可视化。
CT 的常见用途
紧急创伤评估
Quickly identify internal injuries, bleeding, and fractures
癌症检测和监测
Locate tumors, assess their size, and monitor treatment response
心血管成像
Visualize heart structures and detect blockages in blood vessels
腹部和骨盆问题
Diagnose conditions affecting organs like liver, kidneys, and intestines
肺部和胸部检查
Detect infections, blood clots, and lung diseases
急腹症排查
Evaluate appendicitis, bowel obstruction, and pancreatitis
神经急症影像
Quickly detect intracerebral or subdural hemorrhage
优势
- ✓快速且无痛的程序
- ✓非常适合查看骨骼和检测钙化
- ✓可以同时成像多种类型的组织
- ✓在大多数医院和成像中心都有广泛应用
局限性
- ⚠涉及电离辐射暴露
- ⚠可能需要造影剂，可能引起过敏反应
- ⚠与MRI相比，软组织细节较少
- ⚠不建议在怀孕期间使用
检查准备与流程
检查前
您可能会被要求在扫描前几小时避免进食或饮水，特别是如果要使用造影剂。取下珠宝、眼镜和助听器等金属物品。
检查中
在检查台移动通过扫描仪时保持静止。您可能需要短暂憋气以防止图像模糊。
检查后
大多数人可以立即恢复正常活动。如果使用了造影剂，请多喝水以帮助将其从体内排出。
相关影像方式
For soft tissue detail, consider MRI. For quick bone assessment, standard X-rays may suffice. For real-time imaging, ultrasound is an option.
MRI
MRI uses powerful magnets and radio waves to produce detailed images of organs and soft tissues. Excellent for brain, spine, and joint imaging.
Ultrasound
Ultrasound uses sound waves to create real-time images. Commonly used for pregnancy monitoring and examining organs like the heart, liver, and kidneys.
浏览 CT 术语
探索 CT 报告中的常见术语，每个术语都包含详细解释、临床意义和相关化验，帮助你读懂影像结果。 化验项目.
Acute Pancreatitis
Enlarged pancreas with peripancreatic fat stranding; possible fluid collections or necrosis.
Acute Appendicitis
Dilated appendix (>6 mm) with wall thickening and peri-appendiceal fat stranding.
Small Bowel Obstruction
Dilated proximal small bowel loops with a transition point to collapsed distal bowel; possible closed-loop configuration.
Pulmonary Consolidation
Dense opacification of lung tissue with air bronchograms
Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
Dilated descending thoracic aorta >3.5 cm with mural thrombus or calcification; best seen on CTA.
Ground-glass opacity (GGO)
Hazy increased attenuation of lung
Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH)
Hyperdense parenchymal bleed with surrounding edema; possible intraventricular extension and midline shift.
Ureteral / Kidney Stone
High-attenuation calculus along collecting system with upstream hydronephrosis or hydroureter.
Liver Lesion (Hepatic Lesion)
Focal abnormality in liver parenchyma with variable enhancement pattern
Pleural Effusion
Fluid collection in pleural space, appearing as dependent density
Pneumonia Consolidation
Segmental or lobar airspace opacity with air bronchograms; may include ground-glass and small effusions.
Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
Intraluminal filling defect in pulmonary arteries on CT angiography; possible wedge-shaped infarcts.
Pulmonary Nodule
Round or oval opacity in lung parenchyma, usually < 3 cm
Subdural Hematoma
Crescent-shaped extra-axial hyperdensity crossing suture lines; may become isodense/hypodense over time.