Ureteral / Kidney Stone

What is a Kidney Stone?

Solid mineral deposit forming in the kidney that can obstruct urine flow. Non-contrast CT is first-line for suspected renal colic.

Imaging Appearance

• Hyperdense focus in kidney, ureter, or UVJ
• Secondary signs: hydronephrosis, peri-ureteral stranding
• Measure size: ＜5 mm often passes; ＞10 mm less likely

Clinical Significance

• Obstruction can impair renal function
• Infection plus obstruction is an emergency

Symptoms

• Sudden severe flank pain radiating to groin
• Hematuria, nausea/vomiting

Diagnosis

• Non-contrast CT (stone protocol)
• Ultrasound as radiation-sparing alternative in pregnancy
• Labs: creatinine/BUN for renal function; electrolytes for dehydration

Treatment

• Pain control, hydration, medical expulsive therapy for small stones
• Urology consult for lithotripsy, ureteroscopy, or stent if large/obstructing

Prognosis

• Most small stones pass; recurrence common—needs prevention plan

What Should You Do?

1. Strain urine to collect stone for analysis.
2. Maintain hydration; follow urology advice.
3. Seek urgent care if fever, chills, or uncontrolled pain.

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Medical Disclaimer: Educational only; follow your clinician’s guidance.