Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

What is Pulmonary Embolism?

Blood clot lodged in pulmonary arteries, commonly from DVT. CTA chest is the gold standard for diagnosis.

Imaging Appearance

• Central or peripheral filling defects
• Westermark sign or wedge-shaped peripheral infarct
• Right heart strain: RV enlargement, reflux of contrast into IVC

Clinical Significance

• Determines need for anticoagulation or thrombectomy
• Right-heart strain implies higher risk

Symptoms

• Sudden dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain
• Tachycardia, hypoxia, possible syncope

Diagnosis

• CTA chest with IV contrast
• Labs: renal function for contrast use; others per clinician

Treatment

• Anticoagulation
• Thrombolysis or thrombectomy for massive/submassive PE
• IVC filter in select cases

Prognosis

• Good with prompt therapy; depends on clot burden and comorbidities

What Should You Do?

1. Seek emergency care for sudden shortness of breath or chest pain.
2. Adhere to anticoagulation plan and follow-up.
3. Address DVT prevention: mobility, compression, risk factor control.

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Medical Disclaimer: Educational only; follow clinician instructions.