HormonesUpdated 2025-12-24Medically Reviewed
Thyroid Panel (TSH, FT4, FT3, TPOAb, TgAb)
Everything you need to know about Thyroid Panel (TSH, FT4, FT3, TPOAb, TgAb) levels, including what normal ranges look like and what abnormal results might indicate.
Standard Reference Range
Unit: variesMale Reference Range
TSH 0.5-4.0 (optimal 1-2); FT4/FT3 per lab varies
Female Reference Range
TSH 0.5-4.0 (optimal 1-2); FT4/FT3 per lab varies
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Reference ranges may vary slightly between laboratories. Always consult your doctor for interpretation.
What is included?
- TSH: pituitary signal
- Free T4 / Free T3: circulating thyroid hormones
- TPOAb / TgAb: autoantibodies for Hashimoto/Graves risk
Screen smart
TSH alone can miss early dysfunction—add FT4/FT3 when symptoms don’t match a “normal” TSH.
When to order
- Fatigue, cold intolerance, weight change, hair loss, menstrual changes
- Postpartum, family history of thyroid disease, abnormal lipids, or unexplained homocysteine rise
- Dose titration for levothyroxine or antithyroid therapy
Interpreting basics
- TSH high + FT4 low: primary hypothyroidism → consider levothyroxine
- TSH low + FT4/FT3 high: hyperthyroidism → evaluate for Graves/toxic nodules
- Normal TSH with symptoms: check FT3/FT4, iron/ferritin, B12, sleep/stress
- Positive antibodies with normal hormones: monitor; address pregnancy planning with clinician
Follow-up cadence
- On levothyroxine: recheck TSH/FT4 every 6–8 weeks after dose change, then 6–12 months
- Subclinical cases: 3–6 months or sooner if symptoms change
Decode your Thyroid Function Panel Results
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