ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase)
Everything you need to know about ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase) levels, including what normal ranges look like and what abnormal results might indicate.
Standard Reference Range
Unit: U/LReference ranges may vary slightly between laboratories. Always consult your doctor for interpretation.
What is ALP?
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme found in several tissues, primarily the liver, bones, and bile ducts. Different forms (isoenzymes) come from different sources.
Key Takeaway
ALP elevation can indicate either liver/bile duct problems OR bone disorders. GGT helps determine which.
Why is this test performed?
ALP is measured to:
- Detect bile duct obstruction
- Identify bone disorders
- Monitor liver disease
- Evaluate unexplained abdominal pain
Interpreting Your Results
High Levels (Elevated ALP)
Liver/Bile Duct Related:
- Bile duct obstruction (gallstones, tumors)
- Primary biliary cirrhosis
- Primary sclerosing cholangitis
- Liver cancer or metastases
Bone Related:
- Paget's disease of bone
- Bone fractures (healing phase)
- Osteomalacia or rickets
- Bone metastases
Other Causes:
- Pregnancy (placental ALP)
- Growing children/adolescents (normal)
- Hyperthyroidism
Low Levels
Rarely significant, but may indicate:
- Malnutrition
- Zinc deficiency
- Hypothyroidism
How to Distinguish Liver vs Bone Origin
If ALP is elevated:
- GGT also elevated → Liver origin
- GGT normal → Bone origin
- Can also order ALP isoenzymes test
Related Tests
- GGT: Confirms liver origin
- Bilirubin: Indicates bile flow problems
- Calcium/Phosphate: For bone disorders
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