Hydrochlorothiazide

What is Hydrochlorothiazide?

Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that helps the body remove extra salt and water, lowering blood pressure and swelling.

How it works

It blocks sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule of the kidney. This leads to gentle diuresis, lower blood volume, and reduced blood pressure. It can also lower urinary calcium loss over time.

Common uses

• First-line therapy for hypertension
• Mild edema from heart or liver conditions
• Prevention of recurrent calcium kidney stones

Monitoring & Safety

• Labs: Check sodium, potassium, magnesium, and glucose after starting and periodically.
• Can cause sun sensitivity, muscle cramps, or gout flares at higher doses.

Dosing (简要)

• Common start 12.5-25 mg in the morning to limit nighttime urination.
• Dose adjustments usually every 2-4 weeks based on blood pressure and labs.

Drug interactions

• NSAIDs may reduce diuretic effect.
• Lithium levels can rise; avoid or monitor closely.
• Other blood pressure medicines may add to dizziness.

Patient tips

• Take early in the day to avoid sleep disruption.
• Hydrate well in hot weather to prevent dehydration.
• Track home blood pressure and share at visits.

When to contact your doctor

• Severe muscle cramps, confusion, or very dry mouth (could suggest low sodium).
• Palpitations or weakness that could signal low potassium or magnesium.
• Sudden gout pain or extreme fatigue.

Medical Disclaimer: 本内容仅供教育用途，不能替代专业医疗建议。