Hydronephrosis

What is Hydronephrosis?

Urine backup dilating the kidney. Ultrasound is first-line to detect obstruction.

Imaging Appearance

• Pelvicalyceal dilatation
• Ureteral dilation suggests distal obstruction
• Cortex thinning in chronic obstruction

Clinical Significance

• Prolonged obstruction can cause renal damage
• Severity graded (mild/moderate/severe)

Symptoms

• Flank pain, reduced urine, nausea; may be silent if chronic

Diagnosis

• Renal ultrasound; consider Doppler for resistive index
• Labs: creatinine/BUN/potassium for renal function

Treatment

• Relieve obstruction: stone management, catheter/stent, treat strictures
• Address infection promptly

Prognosis

• Good if obstruction relieved early; chronic changes may persist

What Should You Do?

1. Seek evaluation if flank pain or rising creatinine.
2. Follow up after intervention to confirm resolution.
3. Hydrate and follow urology guidance for stone prevention.

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Medical Disclaimer: Educational only; follow urology/nephrology advice.